Where robotics meet the ocean: Advancing autonomous sensing

Underwater view looking up toward the water’s surface, with sunlight shining through and creating a greenish glow and light rays.

MASI is Western Canada’s centre of excellence in marine, aerospace, subsea and naval systems, anchored at the University of British Columbia. MASI is establishing Canada’s first Pacific-Arctic hub for world‑leading research, innovation and training that supports national sovereignty, security and sustainable blue economy growth.

Canada’s vast coastline is one of its greatest assets – and vulnerabilities. Stretching across three oceans, it remains largely unmonitored. That lack of data limits our ability to prepare for climate change, respond to acute environmental events and safeguard coastal sovereignty. 

Collecting data across such a vast and remote area is a major challenge. Conventional sensors fail in murky water, strong currents or low-visibility conditions. Batteries drain quickly in cold oceans. And the cost and risk of sending vessels or divers to monitor or repair infrastructure is high, making large-scale persistent observation difficult if not impossible.  

Dr. Adrien Desjardins, jointly appointed to the departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, is developing the next generation of autonomous systems to thrive in these environments. We spoke with the Seaspan Chair in Robotics for Marine Vessels about his research that integrates sensing, robotics and AI, and how this work could transform the depth, accuracy and reach of our understanding of Canada’s coasts. 

Tell us about the work being done by MASI’s Autonomy and Sensing group 

We are developing the brains and eyes for the next generation of uncrewed systems, whether they are underwater, on the surface or in the air. The group is focusing on intelligent control, sensor fusion and autonomous technologies that can operate reliably in some of the most challenging environments on earth, including the Arctic and BC’s rugged coastal waters. We’re moving from simple remote-controlled machines to truly autonomous systems with real-time situational awareness that can make independent decisions in high-risk areas or where satellite tracking such as GPS is not available.  

MASI's Autonomy and Sensing group

How does your research fit into this? 

My work bridges high-level AI and the physical realities of harsh environments. I focus on sensing, imaging and robotics – developing hardware and algorithms that can process complex data from ultrasound, optics or radar in real time. The aim is to enable machines to interpret their surroundings in even the most challenging situations.  

I take great joy in developing new sensing systems that extend human perception into places we’ve never been able to observe well. Along the coastline, for example, water is often murky or fast-moving from powerful currents. While we have AI tools that can interpret data, we need to be able to gather data from these environments. Autonomous systems such as underwater vehicles can do this for us safely over a large area. 

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Adrien Desjardins speaks at a podium during the Defence and Security Innovation Forum
Adrien Desjardins speaking on a panel at the 2026 Defence and Security Innovation Forum, which was hosted in Vancouver by the Association of BC Defence and Marine Industries.

What research gaps does your work address? 

Persistent monitoring is the big gap. Sending vessels to inspect pipelines or monitor ice formation is expensive, carbon-intensive, often dangerous and not easy to scale. We need systems that can stay out for weeks of months, which means we need to address challenges of limited battery life, underwater communication blackouts and sensors that fail in extreme conditions. 

Many of the ecosystems along our coast are very fragile and largely unmonitored. Urchins, for example, have important cultural significance to many First Nations, and while there are dive teams that can monitor these to some extent, it’s very difficult to get to those areas on a regular basis. The technology we are developing can extend our “eyes and ears” underwater, empowering communities and scientists to monitor ecosystem health.  

Tell us about your work with Seaspan 

Seaspan has identified the need to more comprehensively visualize subsea infrastructure, from ports to vessel hulls. If we can understand what’s happening underwater, we can make more targeted maintenance decisions, which ultimately reduces costs and extends the lives of assets. The combination of sensing, multimodal imaging and robotics has strong potential to provide transformative solutions. Seaspan is also interested in Indigenous partnerships and how marine robotics can be used to conduct inspections and monitor ecosystems and structures.  

What breakthroughs are realistically achievable? 

We’re moving from single robots doing simple inspections to longer-range missions and eventually swarm intelligence, where groups of autonomous vehicles can work together to, for example, map out areas of the seafloor.  

Think about oil spills. We tend to focus on surface impacts because it’s hard to reach the subsurface to understand what is happening below. Lower-cost, autonomous vehicles robots that can co-ordinate quickly could rapidly map where the petroleum is moving without risk to expensive equipment or people.  

New communications paradigms will offer complementary breakthroughs. For instance, direct links to low-earth satellites with compact, low-cost cellular hardware will enable connectivity to our sensors and autonomous vehicles stationed in remote areas of Canada to obtain time-sensitive information for mitigating the risks of climate change and supporting our Coast Guard. The UBC Rogers Research & Innovation Partnership is central to developing and scaling up these technologies. 

Why did you want to get involved with MASI? 

MASI brings together a multidisciplinary group of people who want to innovate in the overlapping areas of marine, aerospace and subsea at a scale where we can have lasting impact. The challenges we face – be that climate change or Arctic security – are too big for any one lab to solve. MASI breaks down silos across engineering disciplines and creates opportunities to advance an idea from a whiteboard all the way to the Pacific or Arctic Ocean.  

From a partner’s perspective, what sets UBC apart?  

UBC is Canada’s Pacific gateway and the only Canadian institution approved by the Royal Canadian Navy for officer training and naval architecture and marine engineering. That gives us a deep understanding of operational needs. We also have a solid history of co-developing technology with Indigenous communities, creating a shared opportunity for innovation. We’re also home to world-class facilities, with more on the way. PacifiCan announced over $15 million in funding for state-of-the art infrastructure that will provide a one-stop shop for de-risking and accelerating maritime and aerospace technologies.  

Learn about PacifiCan’s $15.8M investment

Any final thoughts? 

MASI is more than just a research centre. We see it as an engine for the next generation of Canadian high tech. There’s so much knowledge and capacity across province and we want to accelerate innovation while bringing as many voices into that process as possible.  

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UBC is located on the traditional, ancestral and unceded territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm people (Musqueam; which means 'People of the River Grass') and Syilx Okanagan Nation. The land has always been a place of learning for the Musqueam and Syilx peoples, who for millennia have passed on their culture, history and traditions from one generation to the next.

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